What is doppler flow meter?
Doppler move meter is a sort of ultrasonic flow meter. These devices use the scientific precept of the Doppler impact to measure the volumetric flow by way of a pipe. This is finished in such a means that the Doppler circulate meter is clamped to the skin of the pipe, so it does not disturb the flow as different kinds of circulate meters require.
Doppler move meters use the frequency of the ultrasonic beam to determine the flow fee of a liquid. This measurement is possible as a end result of Doppler impact found by Austrian scientist Christian Johann Doppler within the early 1800s. Essentially, the Doppler impact suggests that the frequency of a sound wave is decided by the movement of the sound receiver, or the supply of the sound relative to the medium by way of which the sound travels. In this case, the medium during which the sound wave propagates is the liquid flowing through the pipe.
In order for a Doppler flowmeter to work correctly, the liquid should comprise particles or bubbles, so it works nicely for soiled liquids, but not so well for clear water. The flow meter emits an ultrasonic sign, which is reflected by particles and bubbles, leading to a shift in sign frequency. This frequency shift is measured by the flowmeter.
How does doppler flowmeter work?
The Doppler flowmeter converts the measured frequency shift into a volumetric flow price. The velocity of flow in the pipe is calculated using the frequency shift, the unique frequency of the ultrasonic sign, the rate of the sound via the emitter materials, and the sine of the angle of the signal into the liquid. Once the velocity is understood, the volumetric move rate may be easily calculated by multiplying the velocity by the realm of the pipe.
In calculating the circulate price, the meter detects the rate on the discontinuity, not the rate of the fluid. The velocity of move (V) may be determined by the following equation.
V = (f zero – f 1 )Ct / 2f zero cos(a)
the place Ct is the pace of sound inside the transducer, f0 is the transmission frequency, f1 is the reflection frequency, and a is the angle of the transmitter and receiver crystals with respect to the tube axis. Since C t / 2f 0 cos(a) is a continuing (K), the connection could be simplified to
V = (f 0 – f 1 )K
Thus, the move price V (ft/sec) is proportional to the change in frequency. The move rate (Q in gpm) in a pipe with a selected internal diameter (ID in.) may be obtained by the following equation
Q = 2.45V(ID) 2 = 2.45f 0 -f 1 )K 2
The presence of acoustic discontinuities is important to the proper operation of a Doppler circulate meter. The usually accepted rule of thumb is that for proper sign reflection, no less than 80-100 mg/l of stable particles are +200 mesh (+75 microns) in dimension. In the case of bubbles, a diameter of 100-200 mg/l between +75 and +150 microns is good. If the size or focus of the discontinuity adjustments, the amplitude of the reflected sign might be shifted, introducing errors.
Doppler flowmeters could have one or two sensors. Both sorts contain a transmitter and a receiver, but in a single sensor Doppler move meter they’re contained in a single sensor. Reflected particles within the liquid mirror the transmitted signal again to the receiver. In a twin sensor move meter, the transmitter and receiver are sandwiched on opposite sides of the pipe.
Doppler move meters can be a good monitoring option as a result of they do not interfere with move and require little maintenance. In addition, they will provide fast and correct move measurements for a extensive range of liquids underneath a variety of temperature and move circumstances. On the other hand, liquids should include air bubbles or particles for the meter to work correctly, and lined or stainless steel piping can interfere with the transmitter signal and cut back measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Doppler ultrasonic move meters
Doppler circulate meters can be utilized where different meters don’t work. This may be liquid slurries, aerated liquids or liquids containing small or giant amounts of suspended solids. The advantages may be summarized as follows.
Less obstruction to flow
Can be installed outside the pipe
Pressure drop equal to the equivalent length of a straight pipe1
Low flow cut-off
Corrosion resistance
Relatively low energy consumption
Extended reading:
Ultrasonic circulate meter working principle
Select the best water circulate meter
Mass circulate rate vs volumetric circulate fee
Relation between flow and straine
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What is doppler flow meter?
Doppler flow meter is a type of ultrasonic flow meter. These gadgets use the scientific principle of the Doppler impact to measure the volumetric move via a pipe. This is finished in such a way that the Doppler circulate meter is clamped to the surface of the pipe, so it doesn’t disturb the move as different types of flow meters require.
Doppler move meters use the frequency of the ultrasonic beam to determine the flow rate of a liquid. This measurement is possible due to the Doppler effect found by Austrian scientist Christian Johann Doppler in the early 1800s. Essentially, the Doppler impact suggests that the frequency of a sound wave is determined by the motion of the sound receiver, or the supply of the sound relative to the medium via which the sound travels. In this case, the medium during which the sound wave propagates is the liquid flowing through the pipe.
In order for a Doppler flowmeter to work properly, the liquid must include particles or bubbles, so it really works nicely for dirty liquids, however not so well for clean water. The circulate meter emits an ultrasonic sign, which is reflected by particles and bubbles, leading to a shift in sign frequency. This frequency shift is measured by the flowmeter.
How does doppler flowmeter work?
The Doppler flowmeter converts the measured frequency shift right into a volumetric flow price. The velocity of flow in the pipe is calculated utilizing the frequency shift, the original frequency of the ultrasonic sign, the rate of the sound via the emitter material, and the sine of the angle of the sign into the liquid. Once the rate is understood, the volumetric flow rate could be easily calculated by multiplying the speed by the world of the pipe.
In calculating diaphragm seal , the meter detects the velocity on the discontinuity, not the rate of the fluid. The velocity of move (V) can be decided by the following equation.
V = (f zero – f 1 )Ct / 2f zero cos(a)
where Ct is the speed of sound inside the transducer, f0 is the transmission frequency, f1 is the reflection frequency, and a is the angle of the transmitter and receiver crystals with respect to the tube axis. Since C t / 2f zero cos(a) is a constant (K), the connection could be simplified to
V = (f 0 – f 1 )K
Thus, the flow fee V (ft/sec) is proportional to the change in frequency. The flow fee (Q in gpm) in a pipe with a selected internal diameter (ID in.) could be obtained by the next equation
Q = 2.45V(ID) 2 = 2.45f 0 -f 1 )K 2
The presence of acoustic discontinuities is crucial to the correct operation of a Doppler flow meter. The typically accepted rule of thumb is that for proper signal reflection, at least 80-100 mg/l of strong particles are +200 mesh (+75 microns) in measurement. In the case of bubbles, a diameter of 100-200 mg/l between +75 and +150 microns is right. If the scale or focus of the discontinuity modifications, the amplitude of the mirrored signal might be shifted, introducing errors.
Doppler flowmeters may have one or two sensors. Both sorts contain a transmitter and a receiver, but in a single sensor Doppler move meter they are contained in a single sensor. Reflected particles in the liquid mirror the transmitted sign back to the receiver. In a twin sensor circulate meter, the transmitter and receiver are sandwiched on opposite sides of the pipe.
Doppler flow meters could be a good monitoring choice as a outcome of they do not intrude with move and require little upkeep. In addition, they can present quick and correct flow measurements for a variety of liquids beneath quite a lot of temperature and move circumstances. On the other hand, liquids should comprise air bubbles or particles for the meter to work properly, and lined or stainless-steel piping can interfere with the transmitter sign and reduce measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Doppler ultrasonic flow meters
Doppler move meters can be used the place different meters do not work. This could additionally be liquid slurries, aerated liquids or liquids containing small or large quantities of suspended solids. The benefits may be summarized as follows.
Less obstruction to circulate
Can be installed outdoors the pipe
Pressure drop equal to the equal length of a straight pipe1
Low flow cut-off
Corrosion resistance
Relatively low power consumption
Extended reading:
Ultrasonic move meter working precept
Select the right water circulate meter
Mass flow fee vs volumetric flow rate
Relation between circulate and pressuree